| Annotated Bibliography |
Primary Resources
"21,000 Tenements Empty in New York." The New York Times [New York City] 23 May 1919: 13. UTEP Library Catalog. Web. 20 Sept. 2013.
This newspaper article gave us information about the desertion of the Tenements in New York. It taught us that people feared investing in the old fashion housing due to the fact that the tenement housing values were dropping fast.
"83,000 Vacant Tenements in Greater New York." The New York Times [New York City] 29
Jan. 1928: pg. 153. UTEP Library Catalog. Web. 20 Sept. 2013.
This newspaper article gave us information about all the empty tenement apartments in New York. This also informed us that 6.63 percent of all tenements were vacant by 1928.
"Conditions in Tenements: State Commission Hears Further Testimony and Suggestion." The New York Times [New York City] 27 Nov. 1900: 5. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2009). Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This article informed us about the filth of the tenements and the streets and blocks around them. It explained a lot about
"City Overcrowded Tenements Poor." The New York Times [New York City] 26 Aug. 1910:
pg. 6. UTEP Library Catalog. Web. 20 Sept. 2013.
This article helped us learn that in the tenements it was a difficulty to live there, due to the very little space that they had.
"Evil in the Tenements ." The New York Times [New York City] 29 Nov. 1900: 3. ProQuest Historical Newspapers - The New York Times (1851-2009) (ProQuest). Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This article gave us information on the sicknesses that ailed people in the tenements and how they were considered to be very unhealthy and people wanted them to shut down.
Hugh Bonner, Lawrence Veiller. Tenement House Fires in New York. New York City, NY: The Evening Post Job Printing House, 1900.
This report helped us to analyze some of the tenement house fires that happened between the years 1800 to 1900. It also gave us some quotes and other information to use in our website.
"Housing Conferrees Inspect Tenements ." The New York Times [New York City] 7 June 1911: 20. ProQuest Historical Newspapers - The New York Times (1851-2009) (ProQuest). Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This resource gave us information about the filth of the tenements such as all of the garbage that was in the building and outside on the streets.
"New York's Famous Model Tenements are Failures." The New York Times 27 Oct. 1912: Page SM1. UTEP Library. Web. 20 Sept. 2013.
This article helps us learn that the tenements were not built up to public expectations. This article has several pictures. The first picture in the upper right is the rooftop of the Vanderbilt model. The second and third picture was of the entrance of the model and the building of the tenements.
"Old Tenements Cost 45 Lives Each Year: These Burned to Death, and None are in "New Law" Houses, Commissioner Murphy Says." The New York Times [New York City] 21 Feb. 1910: 18. ProQuest Historical Newspapers - The New York Times (1851-2009) (ProQuest). Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This article informed us about the fires that would take place in the tenements and the dangers of not having proper safety in buildings.
Owner, Tenement Museum. Rights and Responsiblities of the TenementHousing of New York City Oriana Dominguez, Sofia Marquez and Olivia Moore.
November 2013.
This Interview was very helpful to our Tenement Housing NHD project because we were able to talk to one of the representatives, David Favoloro at the Tenement Museum in New York City.
Paso, Housing Authority of the City of El. Impact of Tenement Housing in the United States Today Oriana Dominguez, Sofia Marquez and Olivia Moore.
November 2013.
Talking to the spokesperson from HACEP about the impact of tenement housing is important. Apartments and other forms of public living have derived from the New York City tenements and that’s a reason why our project is important.
"Prize Plans for Remodeling Block of New York Tenements." The New York Times 29 Aug. 1920: Page W1. UTEP Library . Web. 20 Sept. 2013.
This article contains a picture that has the whole map plan of the tenements. It has the corner section of the tenement buildings. This article taught us that the person who drew the plan of the tenements was Sibley and Featherstone and Robert Gilbert Ecob.
"Reform in Tenements." New York Times [New York City ] 28 Nov. 1896: pg. 6. UTEP Library. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
In this article it explains how the health and morals improved in the tenements. The tenements had very bad sanitary conditions in the overcrowded tenements. This is why they had to improve the cleanliness.
"Rents and Tenements in New York." The New York Times [New York City] 15 Sept. 1854: 2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers - The New York Times (1851-2009) (ProQuest). Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This article provided information about the cost to live in the tenements and the type of tenants that they attracted. It informed us of the number of people that could be found in one room.
Riis, J. A. (1971). How the Other Half Llives. New York City: Dover Publications, Inc.
This book has many pictures that were taken by Jacob Riis. It was published in 1890. This book helped us learn about how the poor people lived and it has diagrams of apartments, photos of the tenement apartments and much more. It also talks about the laws that were passed to make improvements in the tenement community.
"Unused tenements are seized by city." The New York Times 7 Jan. 1974: Page 31. UTEP Library. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This article is about the renovation work on the tenements and the 10 boarded-up buildings. The buildings that are boarded up will be complete and renovated in about 4 months. This apartment will also be provided for 177 families.
"Will Fight to Repeal Tenement House Law." The New York Times [New York City] 13 Oct. 1901: 27. UTEP Library Catalog. Web. 20 Sept. 2013.
This article mainly taught us about the Tenement House Law and why people wanted to keep it and repeal it. It gave us different points of view on the Tenements
Secondary Sources
Alda, Linda Granfield and Arlene. 97 Orchard Street, New York. Toronto: Tundra Books, 2001. Paperback.
This book helped us find out about the immigrants that came to New York and how they lived in the tenements on 97 Orchard Street. It told the story of the Confino family's and the Rogarshevshy family’s challenges living in America.
Avena, Camille. "Tenement Houses and Progressive Solutions by Camille Avena."Tenement Houses and Progressive Solutions by Camille Avena. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013. <http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/f
This was a very important resource that helped up to understand how much of a struggle it was to live in the tenements, having no fresh air or light until laws were passed.
Bial, Raymond. Tenement: immigrant life on the Lower East Side. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. Print.
This book taught us more about the environment of the New York Lower East Side, for example, the severity of the poverty, the sickness that was going around, and how many Jewish people lived there.
Blanck, Maggie. New York City, Tenement Life. 2008. Website. 9 October 2013.
This website showed us pictures in the tenements, had lots of information about the tenements and was a good website. This website showed us a lot of facts about the tenements.
Bonner, Hugh and Veiller Lawrence. Tenement Houses. New York: Evening Post Job Print House, n.d. Texts.
This online book from Cornell University Library helped us discover what types of fires happened in the Tenement Houses. The tables in this book showed how many fires occurred. A fire could have happened very easily, especially because the tenement buildings were made of wood.
"day 75: tenement on orchard st | Goodbye Melbourne, Hello New York | NYC Photography Blog | New York culture and lifestyle." day 75: tenement on orchard st | Goodbye Melbourne, Hello New York | NYC Photography Blog | New York culture and lifestyle. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://www.goodbyemelbournehellonewyork.com/2009/04/30/day-75-tenement-on-orchard-st/>.
We got a very powerful description of the tenements and the housing situation in 1863. We also used a picture from the website that we used in our website.
"Documenting "The Other Half": The Social Reform Photography of Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine." Documenting "The Other Half": The Social Reform Photography of Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma01/davis/p
This website provided us with an image that Jacob Riis took. It was called Dens of Death.
"Ephemeral New York." Ephemeral New York. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. <http://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/2012/03/29/the-tuberculosis-windows-in-city-tenements/>.
This source informed us about the tuberculosis windows in the tenements. We learned a lot about the health issues inside the tenements.
Eagle, Arnold. Thirteen. 2012. Website. 7 October 2013.
This Website helped us to find laws of the tenements. It also helped us to seek information about how the laws were enforced or if they were enforced. The website showed the history and how the buildings were built.
Gillis, Jennifer Blizin. Life on the Lower East Side. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003. Paperback.
This book helped us to understand the Life on the Lower East Side of New York from the late eighteen hundreds to the early nineteen hundreds. It told about the jobs, clothes, schools and transportation on the Lower East Side.
Gillis, Jeniffer Blizin. "Life on the Lower East Side." Jobs. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003.
This photo helped us by showing us what the tenements look like.
Gillis, Jennifer Blizin. "Life on the Lower East Side." Life in the Streets. Chicago : Heinemann Library, 2003.
This depicted the area around the tenements.
Hanks, Jonah , and Jacob Nunez. "Copy of New York State Tenement Act of 1901." prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2013. <http://prezi.com/hvgos13x0cuq/copy-of-new-york-state-tenement-act-of-1901/>.
This prezi gave us information about the New York State Tenement Act of 1901 and all of the amendments and acts that were added to it. For example, the second tenements act of 1879 required windows to face outside so that tenants could get sunlight and fresh air.
Hopkinson, Deborah. Shutting Out the Sky: Life in the Tenements of New York, 1880-1924. New York: Orchard Books, 2003. Print.
We used this resource for more information on dates, and the laws and acts that were passed to make the Tenements safer and better.
Johnson, Amy Elizabeth. "Tenement." Encyclopedia of Urban Studies. Ed. Ray Hutchison. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference, 2010. 801-805. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. Document URL
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3202500287&v=2.1&u=txshracd2603&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=49bed114156acf6c69ca019b27d858d7
This article from the encyclopedia mainly focuses on the historical evolution of the tenements, tenements legislation, tenements house reform movement and New York City. It also contains a photograph of the yard of a tenement at Park Avenue and 107th Street in New York, circa 1900
Ladov, Mark. "Tenements." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 8. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 81-83. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. Document URL
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.doid=GALE%7CCX3401804158&v=2.1&u=txshracd2603&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=ec4498fdfa81fe91aa1ce07aacf88520
In this article it explains the history of the tenements and the New York City Tenement House Act of 1867. This section of the dictionary also includes some useful information of Jacob Riis’s book How the Other Half Lives.
Lane, James B. "Riis, Jacob August." Encyclopedia of American Urban History. Ed. David Goldfield. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference, 2007. 684-685. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
This article was very important to our project because it told us about Jacob A. Riis, who was the man who told the city government about the tenements and that the people living there were not treated right.
"Life on the Lower East Side." Lower East Side Now. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003.
This image showed us a lot about the surroundings of the tenements.
"Moonbloom, Norman (Norm)." Dictionary of Literary Characters. Michael D. Sollars. Vol. 3. New York: Facts on File, 2011. 1355. Facts on File Library of World Literature. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
Document URL
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1979726963&v=2.1&u=txshracd2603&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=00d19d2fbb3a066665c8852cabf14bdd
This article tells us about an agent and rent collector for four tenements that wereowned by his brother, Irwin, in Edward Lewis Wallants The Tenements of Moonbloom.
Richard Plunz, A History of Housing in New York City, Columbia University Press, New York, 1990. pp. 23 "New York State Legislature: Laws (1867)
This book provided us with two very useful and informative quotes about the New York tenements.
Roberts, Hannah . "The slumdogs of New York: Remarkable images open a window into the squalor and deprivation endured by immigrant families in an unrecognisable 19th century America."Mail Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2089243/Slumdogs-New-York-The-remarkable-images-capturing-immigrant-families-unrecognisable-19th-century-New-York.html>.
We used an image from this article and got more information about the poverty of immigrant families in the tenements.
Sternlicht, Sanford. Tenement Saga : The Lower East Side and Early Jewish American Writers. Madison, WI, USA: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004. p iv.http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utep/Doc?id=10217066&ppg=5
This is an article about the tenement saga with the lower east side of New York. This article includes information about the lower east side like where did it come from. It also includes information on the education, work and food.
"Tenements — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts." History.com — History Made Every Day — American & World History.N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Oct. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/tenements
We used this resource to learn the sizes of the tenements, for example, a typical tenement building was about five to seven stories tall and followed the city regulations of the time.
"Tenements.org." Tenements.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://tenements.org>.
We used this website to find more resources for our project and get more background history on them.
"The Architecture and Development of New York City with Andrew S. Dolkart."Columbia University Digital Knowledge Ventures.N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2013. <http://ci.columbia.edu/0240s/0243_2/024
We used this website to learn about “pre-law tenements”. Those were what the New York tenements were until several acts and laws were passed. Those laws and acts changed tenement life dramatically.
"The History Box Presents: New York Tenement Life." The History Box Presents: New York Tenement Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://thehistorybox.com/ny_city/tenement_life_
This website gave us many photos that we used and cited in our website. The photos we used were very useful and showed us many details and recurring patterns in the tenements.
"The History of Minorities in New York City Suburbia." Global Peripheries. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://globalperipheries.wordpress.com/2011/05/11/new-york-city-suburbs/>.
This website had a lot of information about the different groups of minorities in New York throughout time and had a very informative section about the poor that lived in the tenements.
Unknown. "Tenement Layout." 2012. Raw image file.
This image shows the layout of most of the tenement housing and gives you an idea of the way they were built
